Description
Given a callable function f(x, y) with a hidden formula and a value z, reverse engineer the formula and return all positive integer pairs x and y where f(x,y) == z. You may return the pairs in any order.
While the exact formula is hidden, the function is monotonically increasing, i.e.:
f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y)f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
The function interface is defined like this:
interface CustomFunction {
public:
// Returns some positive integer f(x, y) for two positive integers x and y based on a formula.
int f(int x, int y);
};
We will judge your solution as follows:
- The judge has a list of
9 hidden implementations of CustomFunction, along with a way to generate an answer key of all valid pairs for a specific z.
- The judge will receive two inputs: a
function_id (to determine which implementation to test your code with), and the target z.
- The judge will call your
findSolution and compare your results with the answer key.
- If your results match the answer key, your solution will be
Accepted.
Example 1:
Input: function_id = 1, z = 5
Output: [[1,4],[2,3],[3,2],[4,1]]
Explanation: The hidden formula for function_id = 1 is f(x, y) = x + y.
The following positive integer values of x and y make f(x, y) equal to 5:
x=1, y=4 -> f(1, 4) = 1 + 4 = 5.
x=2, y=3 -> f(2, 3) = 2 + 3 = 5.
x=3, y=2 -> f(3, 2) = 3 + 2 = 5.
x=4, y=1 -> f(4, 1) = 4 + 1 = 5.
Example 2:
Input: function_id = 2, z = 5
Output: [[1,5],[5,1]]
Explanation: The hidden formula for function_id = 2 is f(x, y) = x * y.
The following positive integer values of x and y make f(x, y) equal to 5:
x=1, y=5 -> f(1, 5) = 1 * 5 = 5.
x=5, y=1 -> f(5, 1) = 5 * 1 = 5.
Constraints:
1 <= function_id <= 91 <= z <= 100- It is guaranteed that the solutions of
f(x, y) == z will be in the range 1 <= x, y <= 1000.
- It is also guaranteed that
f(x, y) will fit in 32 bit signed integer if 1 <= x, y <= 1000.
Solutions
Solution 1: Enumeration + Binary Search
According to the problem, we know that the function f(x, y) is a monotonically increasing function. Therefore, we can enumerate x, and then binary search y in [1,...z] to make f(x, y) = z. If found, add (x, y) to the answer.
The time complexity is O(n log n), where n is the value of z, and the space complexity is O(1).
PythonJavaC++GoTypeScript
"""
This is the custom function interface.
You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
class CustomFunction:
# Returns f(x, y) for any given positive integers x and y.
# Note that f(x, y) is increasing with respect to both x and y.
# i.e. f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y), f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
def f(self, x, y):
"""
class Solution:
def findSolution(self, customfunction: "CustomFunction", z: int) -> List[List[int]]:
ans = []
for x in range(1, z + 1):
y = 1 + bisect_left(
range(1, z + 1), z, key=lambda y: customfunction.f(x, y)
)
if customfunction.f(x, y) == z:
ans.append([x, y])
return ans(code-box)
/*
* // This is the custom function interface.
* // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
* class CustomFunction {
* // Returns f(x, y) for any given positive integers x and y.
* // Note that f(x, y) is increasing with respect to both x and y.
* // i.e. f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y), f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
* public int f(int x, int y);
* };
*/
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> findSolution(CustomFunction customfunction, int z) {
List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();
for (int x = 1; x <= 1000; ++x) {
int l = 1, r = 1000;
while (l < r) {
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if (customfunction.f(x, mid) >= z) {
r = mid;
} else {
l = mid + 1;
}
}
if (customfunction.f(x, l) == z) {
ans.add(Arrays.asList(x, l));
}
}
return ans;
}
}(code-box)
/*
* // This is the custom function interface.
* // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
* class CustomFunction {
* public:
* // Returns f(x, y) for any given positive integers x and y.
* // Note that f(x, y) is increasing with respect to both x and y.
* // i.e. f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y), f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
* int f(int x, int y);
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> findSolution(CustomFunction& customfunction, int z) {
vector<vector<int>> ans;
for (int x = 1; x <= 1000; ++x) {
int l = 1, r = 1000;
while (l < r) {
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if (customfunction.f(x, mid) >= z) {
r = mid;
} else {
l = mid + 1;
}
}
if (customfunction.f(x, l) == z) {
ans.push_back({x, l});
}
}
return ans;
}
};(code-box)
/**
* This is the declaration of customFunction API.
* @param x int
* @param x int
* @return Returns f(x, y) for any given positive integers x and y.
* Note that f(x, y) is increasing with respect to both x and y.
* i.e. f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y), f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
*/
func findSolution(customFunction func(int, int) int, z int) (ans [][]int) {
for x := 1; x <= 1000; x++ {
y := 1 + sort.Search(999, func(y int) bool { return customFunction(x, y+1) >= z })
if customFunction(x, y) == z {
ans = append(ans, []int{x, y})
}
}
return
}(code-box)
/**
* // This is the CustomFunction's API interface.
* // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
* class CustomFunction {
* f(x: number, y: number): number {}
* }
*/
function findSolution(customfunction: CustomFunction, z: number): number[][] {
const ans: number[][] = [];
for (let x = 1; x <= 1000; ++x) {
let l = 1;
let r = 1000;
while (l < r) {
const mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if (customfunction.f(x, mid) >= z) {
r = mid;
} else {
l = mid + 1;
}
}
if (customfunction.f(x, l) == z) {
ans.push([x, l]);
}
}
return ans;
}(code-box)
Solution 2: Two Pointers
We can define two pointers x and y, initially x = 1, y = z.
- If f(x, y) = z, we add (x, y) to the answer, then x ← x + 1, y ← y - 1;
- If f(x, y) \lt z, at this time for any y' \lt y, we have f(x, y') \lt f(x, y) \lt z, so we cannot decrease y, we can only increase x, so x ← x + 1;
- If f(x, y) \gt z, at this time for any x' \gt x, we have f(x', y) \gt f(x, y) \gt z, so we cannot increase x, we can only decrease y, so y ← y - 1.
After the loop ends, return the answer.
The time complexity is O(n), where n is the value of z, and the space complexity is O(1).
PythonJavaC++GoTypeScript
"""
This is the custom function interface.
You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
class CustomFunction:
# Returns f(x, y) for any given positive integers x and y.
# Note that f(x, y) is increasing with respect to both x and y.
# i.e. f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y), f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
def f(self, x, y):
"""
class Solution:
def findSolution(self, customfunction: "CustomFunction", z: int) -> List[List[int]]:
ans = []
x, y = 1, 1000
while x <= 1000 and y:
t = customfunction.f(x, y)
if t < z:
x += 1
elif t > z:
y -= 1
else:
ans.append([x, y])
x, y = x + 1, y - 1
return ans(code-box)
/*
* // This is the custom function interface.
* // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
* class CustomFunction {
* // Returns f(x, y) for any given positive integers x and y.
* // Note that f(x, y) is increasing with respect to both x and y.
* // i.e. f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y), f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
* public int f(int x, int y);
* };
*/
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> findSolution(CustomFunction customfunction, int z) {
List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();
int x = 1, y = 1000;
while (x <= 1000 && y > 0) {
int t = customfunction.f(x, y);
if (t < z) {
x++;
} else if (t > z) {
y--;
} else {
ans.add(Arrays.asList(x++, y--));
}
}
return ans;
}
}(code-box)
/*
* // This is the custom function interface.
* // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
* class CustomFunction {
* public:
* // Returns f(x, y) for any given positive integers x and y.
* // Note that f(x, y) is increasing with respect to both x and y.
* // i.e. f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y), f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
* int f(int x, int y);
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> findSolution(CustomFunction& customfunction, int z) {
vector<vector<int>> ans;
int x = 1, y = 1000;
while (x <= 1000 && y) {
int t = customfunction.f(x, y);
if (t < z) {
x++;
} else if (t > z) {
y--;
} else {
ans.push_back({x++, y--});
}
}
return ans;
}
};(code-box)
/**
* This is the declaration of customFunction API.
* @param x int
* @param x int
* @return Returns f(x, y) for any given positive integers x and y.
* Note that f(x, y) is increasing with respect to both x and y.
* i.e. f(x, y) < f(x + 1, y), f(x, y) < f(x, y + 1)
*/
func findSolution(customFunction func(int, int) int, z int) (ans [][]int) {
x, y := 1, 1000
for x <= 1000 && y > 0 {
t := customFunction(x, y)
if t < z {
x++
} else if t > z {
y--
} else {
ans = append(ans, []int{x, y})
x, y = x+1, y-1
}
}
return
}(code-box)
/**
* // This is the CustomFunction's API interface.
* // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
* class CustomFunction {
* f(x: number, y: number): number {}
* }
*/
function findSolution(customfunction: CustomFunction, z: number): number[][] {
let x = 1;
let y = 1000;
const ans: number[][] = [];
while (x <= 1000 && y) {
const t = customfunction.f(x, y);
if (t < z) {
++x;
} else if (t > z) {
--y;
} else {
ans.push([x--, y--]);
}
}
return ans;
}(code-box)
